The Berbers, who call themselves Amazigh, are the indigenous people of North Africa and a central part of Moroccan identity. Their languages, crafts and traditions shape daily life across the country, especially in the mountains and the south.
This guide explains who the Amazigh are, where they live, what makes their culture distinctive and how to meet communities respectfully on a trip.
Many people prefer the name Amazigh, plural Imazighen, rather than Berber, a term that came from outside. Both are widely used, but Amazigh is the word the communities use for themselves. Population figures vary widely depending on how identity is counted, so it is safest to say that a large share of Moroccans have Amazigh heritage.
Morocco has three main Amazigh language groups: Tarifit in the north, Tamazight in the Middle Atlas and Tashelhit in the High Atlas, Souss and south. Tamazight was recognised as an official language in 2011, and Yennayer, the Amazigh New Year, is now a national holiday. Traditions include carpet weaving, silver jewellery, tattoo motifs and music such as ahidus and ahwash.
Amazigh villages are found throughout the Atlas Mountains. A day in the Ourika Valley or a walk in the High Atlas gives a first taste of village life, and the desert around Merzouga is home to nomadic and settled families.
Amazigh hospitality is central, and visitors are often offered mint tea. Dishes such as tagine and couscous are common in village homes, and many cooperatives sell argan oil and handwoven rugs. For manners and customs, read our etiquette and culture tips and the Moroccan culture guide.
Ask before photographing people, buy crafts directly from makers when you can and take the time to listen. A local guide from the area explains history and customs far better than a book. To go deeper into the desert, see our Sahara activities guide.
Yes. Amazigh is the name the communities use for themselves, and Berber is the older outside term.
Tarifit, Tamazight and Tashelhit, with Tifinagh as the traditional script.
Yes. It became an official language of Morocco alongside Arabic in 2011.
In Atlas Mountain villages, the Ourika Valley, the Souss and the desert regions of the south.
Ask before taking photographs, dress modestly and accept hospitality politely.
Tell us what you would like to see, and we will arrange a private trip with a local guide who can introduce you to the villages and traditions of the Atlas and the south.
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